Sacheen Littlefeather, the actress and activist who declined Marlon Brando's 1973 Academy Award for The Godfather on his behalf in an indelible protest of Hollywood's portrayal of Native Americans, has died. She was 75.
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Littlefeather's niece, Calina Lawrence, confirmed that she died peacefully on Sunday, surrounded by loved ones at her Marin County, California, home. The cause was breast cancer, the family said.
Littlefeather's appearance at the 1973 Oscars would become one of the award show's most famous moments. Clad in buckskin dress and moccasins, Littlefeather took the stage when presenter Roger Moore read Brando's name as the winner for best actor.
Speaking to the audience, Littlefeather cited Native American stereotypes in film and the then-ongoing weekslong protest at Wounded Knee in South Dakota as the reason for Brando's absence.
She said Brando had written "a very long speech" but she was restricted by time to brief remarks. Producer Howard Koch had allegedly warned Littlefeather, then 26, that he would have her arrested if she spoke for more than a minute.
"I beg at this time that I have not intruded upon this evening and that we will in the future, our hearts and our understandings will meet with love and generosity," Littlefeather said, becoming the first Native American woman to appear onstage at the Oscars.
Although brief, straightforward and courteous, Littlefeather's appearance was contentious, receiving a mix of applause and boos from the audience. In the years after, she endured considerable scorn and abuse for her speech, she said.
"I spoke from my heart," she told The Associated Press days after the Oscars.
"Those words were written in blood, perhaps my own blood. I felt about like Christ carrying the weight of the cross on his shoulders."
Only recently did the Academy of Motion Pictures Arts and Sciences officially address the treatment Littlefeather received following her appearance.
In August, the film academy apologised to her. Two weeks ago, it held an evening of "conversation, healing and celebration" in her honour.
"The abuse you endured because of this statement was unwarranted and unjustified," the academy's president, David Rubin, wrote in a letter to Littlefeather.
"The emotional burden you have lived through and the cost to your own career in our industry are irreparable. For too long the courage you showed has been unacknowledged. For this, we offer both our deepest apologies and our sincere admiration."
Littlefeather responded in a statement: "We Indians are very patient people -- it's only been 50 years!"
"We need to keep our sense of humour about this at all times," she added. "It's our method of survival."
Littlefeather met Brando through her neighbour, Godfather director Francis Ford Coppola. She had known Brando for about a year before he called her the night before the 1973 ceremony, invited her to his house and asked her to attend in his place.
Political speeches at the Oscars were then still a rarity, and some in attendance saw the brief address as a break in decorum -- and one that raised a subject not everyone was eager to consider.
Following the Oscars, her credentials as an actress and activist -- Littlefeather had posed later in 1973 for Playboy, which she defended as proof that "red was beautiful" -- were questioned in tabloid reports and elsewhere. Her opportunities as an actress dried up.
Littlefeather said she was "red-listed" from the industry. She fell out of show business and, in the decades after, worked primarily as an activist for Native Americans.
At the academy event last month, Littlefeather, in a wheelchair, said despite all the hardship she faced after the Oscars, she would do it all again.
"I was representing all Indigenous voices out there, because we had never been heard in that way before," she said.
"And if I had to pay the price of admission, then that was OK, because those doors had to be opened -- like Yosemite Sam. Somebody had to do it."
Australian Associated Press
